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Which term describes a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the release of energy?

  1. Excretion

  2. Fallout

  3. Fission

  4. Filament

The correct answer is: Fission

Fission is the process of a massive nucleus splitting into smaller nuclei, usually accompanied by the release of energy. Option A, Excretion, is incorrect because excretion refers to the process of getting rid of waste materials. Option B, Fallout, is incorrect because it refers to the radioactive particles and debris that fall to the ground after a nuclear explosion. Option D, Filament, is incorrect because it is a term used to describe a thin wire or thread, and is not related to nuclear reactions.