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What does "quinine" refer to?

  1. An automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus

  2. A bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark

  3. Energy that is transmitted in the form of radiation

  4. The spontaneous emission of particles or electromagnetic rays in nuclear decay

The correct answer is: A bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark

Quinine is a bitter alkaloid extracted from chinchona bark, therefore option B is the correct answer. Options A, C, and D are all unrelated to the definition of quinine and therefore incorrect. Option A refers to an automatic instinctive reaction, option C refers to energy transmission, and option D refers to nuclear decay, none of which relates to quinine.