GED Science Practice

What are enzymes known for in biochemical reactions?

1. the passage between the pharynx and the stomach

2. any of several complex proteins that act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

3. the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down

4. an artifact that is one of the individual parts of which a composite entity is made up

The correct answer is: any of several complex proteins that act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions

Enzymes are recognized as complex proteins that play a crucial role as catalysts in biochemical reactions. They function by lowering the activation energy required for reactions, which accelerates the rate at which these reactions occur without being consumed in the process. This means that enzymes can facilitate numerous reactions repeatedly, making them vital for various biological processes, including digestion, metabolism, and DNA replication. The specificity of enzymes to catalyze particular reactions is due to their unique active sites, which bind to specific substrates. This allows for highly regulated and efficient biochemical pathways within living organisms. Enzymes are essential for maintaining life, as they enable reactions that would otherwise occur too slowly to sustain cellular functions. Understanding enzymes as catalysts highlights their importance in biological systems, illustrating how they are fundamental to processes that are necessary for life.